Apportionment

Collected references on apportionment.

Historic

• A New Method of Apportionment of Representatives, Edward V. Huntington, Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 17, No. 135 (Sep., 1921), pp. 859-870 (12 pages). Does an excellent job explaining the challenge in apportioning the House of Representatives according to the principles set out in the US Constitution, and why other countries or legislative bodies don't face similar challenges. Proposes a workable solution. (AMS.ORG copy)
• Methods of Apportioning Seats in the House of Representatives, Walter F. Willcox, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 49, No. 268 (Dec., 1954), pp. 685-695 (11 pages) Another nice overview, from Wilcox, who prepared the 1900 apportionment table.
• Laurence F. Schmeckebier, The Method of Equal Proportions, 17 Law and Contemporary Problems 302-313 (Spring 1952)

Census Bureau Publications

• Imputation, Apportionment, and Statistical Methods in the U.S. Census: Issues Surrounding Utah v. Evans, Patrick J. Cantwell, Howard Hogan and Kathleen M. Styles, Research Report Series 2005-01
• 1920 Overview

The 2020 Census

• Apportionment of the US House of Representatives in 2020 under Alternative Immigration‐Based Scenarios, Amanda K. Baumle Dudley L. Poston Jr., First published: 25 February 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12230

Math

• Statistical Aspects of Equitable Apportionment, Bruce D. Spencer, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Pages 815-822 | Received 01 May 1982, Published online: 12 Mar 2012
• The History of the Congressional Apportionment Problem through a Mathematical Lens, Shannon Guerrero and Charles Biles, Homboldt State University, 2017
• The U.S. House of Representatives Apportionment Formula in Theory and Practice, Congressional Research Service, August 4, 2010 – August 2, 2013
• The House of Representatives Apportionment Formula: An Analysis of Proposals for Change and Their Impact on States, Royce Crocker, CRS, August 26, 2010

Overview

• Baker v. Carr, the Census, and the Political and Statistical Geography of the United States: The Origin and Impact of Public Law 94-171, Margo Anderson, Case Western Reserve University Law Review, Vol 36, Issue 4 (2012)

• Margo Anderson, An Enumeration of the Population: A history of the Census, Winter 2010 Insights on Law & Society
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reapportionment_Act_of_1929
• U.S. population keeps growing, but House of Representatives is same size as in Taft era, Drew Desilver, Pew Research Center, May 31, 2018
• The 1930 Census in Perspective, Summer 2002, Vol. 34, No. 2, By David Hendricks and Amy Patterson, National Archives
• Decennial Census: Overview of Historical Census Issues, US General Accounting Office, May 1998
• Pamela S. Karlan, Reapportionment, Nonapportionment, and Recovering Some Lost History of One Person, One Vote, 59 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1921 (2018)